Gallstone

It's not clear what causes gallstones to form. Doctors think gallstones may result when

1-Your bile contains too much cholesterol. Normally, your bile contains enough chemicals to dissolve the cholesterol excreted by your liver. But if your liver excretes more cholesterol than your bile can dissolve, the excess cholesterol may form into crystals and eventually into stones.

2-Your bile contains too much bilirubin. Bilirubin is a chemical that's produced when your body breaks down red blood cells. Certain conditions cause your liver to make too much bilirubin, including liver cirrhosis, biliary tract infections and certain blood disorders. The excess bilirubin contributes to gallstone formation.

Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, a fluid made by the liver.

3-Your gallbladder doesn't empty correctly. If your gallbladder doesn't empty completely or often enough, bile may become very concentrated and this contributes to the formation of gallstones.

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Types of gallstones

Gallstones contain primarily cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium salts, formed into either cholesterol or pigment stones

• Cholesterol gallstones. The most common type of gallstone, called a cholesterol gallstone, often appears yellow in color. These gallstones are composed mainly of undissolved cholesterol, but may contain other components.

• Pigment gallstones. These dark brown or black stones form when your bile contains too much bilirubin.

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Treatment options for gallstones include

• Surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy).

• Medications to dissolve gallstones.

You can reduce your risk of gallstones if you:

• Don't skip meals. Try to stick to your usual mealtimes each day. Skipping meals or fasting can increase the risk of gallstones.

• Lose weight slowly. If you need to lose weight, go slow. Rapid weight loss can increase the risk of gallstones. Aim to lose 1 or 2 pounds (about 0.5 to 1 kilogram) a week.

• Maintain a healthy weight. Obesity and being overweight increase the risk of gallstones. Work to achieve a healthy weight by reducing the number of calories you eat and increasing the amount of physical activity you get. Once you achieve a healthy weight , work to maintain that weight by continuing your healthy diet and continuing to exercise.

• Increasing consumption of magnesium (Mg__) appears to decrease the risk of symptomatic gallstones in men; Magnesium deficiency can cause dyslipidemia and insulin hyper secretion, which may facilitate gallstone formation

Controlled weight loss rate, reduction of the length of overnight fast, inclusion of a small amount of fat in the diet, and eating foods rich in magnesium (nuts, vegetable protein, beans, and soy).

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After a cholecystectomy, fat intake should be limited for several months to allow the liver to compensate for the gallbladder’s absence. Fats should be introduced gradually; excessive amounts at one meal should be avoided. Use more unrefined carbohydrates as well.

• if diarrhea persists after surgery, try using antidiarrheal medications, such as loperamide (Imodium) and a high fiber diet for more bulk.

• Avoid fasting and rapid weight loss schemes.

• People who have had their gallbladders removed should have their cholesterol levels checked periodically.

Educate about the role of the gallbladder in fat metabolism. Counsel about post surgical diet (low fat, frequent small meals perhaps better tolerated) and gradual return to a general diet that contains more nutrient-dense and lower fat options. Discuss the role of minerals such as magnesium in maintaining GB health.

دايما انصحوا الناس اللي بتعمل دايتات ام (تنحف في اسبوعين ١٠ كيلو والخرابيط دي) انو هما ممكن يكونو معرضين للgallstone حتى الاشخاص اللي بيعملوا تكميم معرضين لدا الشي وكتبت الكلام دا سابقا